Reginald W. - Physicist Stephenson himself financed many of the BSCs operations. "kode=\"nrgh@%rnhg_%@uqkj(CC~jkqu3__33i/k.ujxIngsIxu4ltmxoYz1CA~8>C7i16/iBl"+ As mentioned . William Stephenson | Canadian industrialist | Britannica ". He also helped in the organization of the United States' wartime intelligence operation, the Office of Strategic Services, whose head, Maj. Gen. William J. The next record of William Stevenson had close ties with intelligence sources. Biographical information [21], Not least of Stephenson's contributions to the war effort was the setting up by BSC of Camp X, the unofficial name of the secret Special Training School No. - Terra Nova - 1910-13 "\\0.\\\\4?<75%8&)$\\\"\\\\\\\\\\\\-~R4[U4U02\\\\\\\\7h01\\\\\\\\KVB^10\\\\0" + In the end, the one-year project stretched to four years, during which time the two men ate only the meat they could kill and the fish they could catch in the Canadian Arctic. online for over 20 years without requesting donations. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember William Stephenson. By the 1960s, Mr. Stevenson was working for the Near and Far East News Group, a propaganda arm of the British government, and becoming increasingly connected in the world of espionage. He was educated at the universities of North Dakota and of Iowa (A.B., 1903). William Dampier: While William Dampier does not receive that much attention today, he was one of the best and most influential English explorers during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Hudson, Hubert T. "ctun\\\"f)\")" ; Sir William died at 93 in Bermuda in January 1989. of Shackleton and Orde-Lees which otherwise give some indications Shackleton Stefansson is also a figure of considerable interest in dietary circles, especially those with an interest in a very low-carbohydrate diet. He was 89 years old. He was a friend of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent Stephenson to New York City in 1940 to run the British Security Coordination Office, the operational and liaison arm of UK Intelligence in the US. In 1999 the Intrepid Society, dedicated to honoring the memory of Stephenson (who died at the age of 92 on January 31, 1989), presented the city of Winnipeg with a statue of Stephenson. {"+ Stefansson, though, preferred the term Copper Inuit (although there was already a group of people known by that name) . "7\\\\01\\\\\\\\4D00\\\\\\\\17\\\\05\\\\00\\\\\\\\17\\\\07\\\\00\\\\\\\\36\\" + Charcot - Francais - 1903-05 @danthewhaler, Antarctic Explorers - Who's Who - Ross Sea Party How did William Dampier die? | Homework.Study.com With sadness in our hearts, and shocking news is true: I was hanging out with him last month at the Comedy Cellar. In 1924 he married American tobacco heiress Mary French Simmons, of Springfield, Tennessee. William - Able Seaman Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. After the United States got into the war he became British Security Coordinator for the Western Hemisphere. Dont just read about intelligence operations, join us. Stephenson was the son of a mechanic who operated a Newcomen atmospheric-steam engine that was used to pump out a coal mine at Newcastle upon Tyne. He is best known by his wartime intelligence codename Intrepid. William Stephenson was the senior stoker on board the Endurance George Stephenson (9 June 1781 - 12 August 1848) was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer during the Industrial Revolution. 19201929", Site "Histoire de la tlvision". //Broadway impresario's daughter - Los Angeles Times "|r3jU)Y%d>22\\\\00\\\\01\\\\\\\\23\\\\04\\\\01\\\\\\\\VV5.03\\\\\\\\01\\\\0" + Sir William Samuel Stephenson, CC, MC, DFC (23 January 1897 - 31 January 1989) was a Canadian soldier, airman, businessman, inventor, spymaster, and the senior representative of British Security Coordination (BSC) for the entire western hemisphere during World War II. At once, prominent detractors denounced him vociferously for laying claim to accomplishments they . McCarthy, Timothy In addition to his patent royalties, Stephenson swiftly diversified into several lucrative industries: radio manufacturing (General Radio Company Limited[9]); aircraft manufacturing (General Aircraft Limited); Pressed Steel Company that manufactured car bodies for the British motor industry; construction and cement as well as Shepperton Studios and Earls Court. He moved to Britain in 1921 to develop and market this invention to newspapers and rapidly earned a fortune and an entre to influential political circles in London. Shot down and captured on a mission, Stephenson managed to escape in October 1918. Stefansson remained a well-known explorer for the rest of his life. Dr. Alexander H. - Surgeon organize American public opinion in favour of aid to Britain. In the 1930s, pro-Soviet movements were created in the US that aimed primarily to provide support for the Soviet project to establish a Jewish socialist republic in the Birobidzhan region in the far east of the Soviet Union. [3] In addition, Stephenson has been credited with changing American public opinion from an isolationist stance to a supportive tendency regarding the United States' entry into World War II. Many people consider him to be one of the real-life inspirations for James Bond. 19411946.[32]. Mr. Stevenson was back in New York a few days later, holed up in a room at the Algonquin and joined by his son. Custer inducted him as an honorary member of the U.S. Army Intelligence Corps, an honour shared by only two other non-Americans.[29]. !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)? Lionel - First Officer He conveyed this information to the British secret service. Officially, he was to establish an organization to protect British shipping and counter the activities of Nazi spies. Whales At the beginning of WWII, Stephenson was placed in charge of British Security Co-ordination (counterespionage) in the Western Hemisphere, with headquarters in New York C (where the telegraphic address was INTREPID - later popularized as Stephenson's code name). In WWI he was a fighter pilot in the Royal Flying Corps, bringing down 12 German aircraft. Primary Sources William Stephenson William Samuel Clouston Stanger, the son of William Hunter Stanger, an immigrant from Orkney who worked in a flour mill at Point Douglas, and his wife, Sarah Johnston, was born in Winnipeg, Canada on 11th January, 1896. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Entertainment & Arts Broadway impresario's daughter L.A. Times Archives April 26, 2008 12 AM PT From a Times Staff Writer Patricia Ziegfeld Stephenson, the daughter of legendary Broadway. - Nimrod - 1907-09 In Memory of Sir William Stephenson 'The Man Called Intrepid', Born at Winnipeg, Manitoba, 11 January 1896. was to to tend the engine boiler and ensure there was enough - Quest - 1921-22 He was one of four brothers. His medal citations perhaps foreshadow his later achievements, and read: For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Wordie, James M. Stefansson resumed his explorations by sledge over the Arctic Ocean (known locally as the Beaufort Sea), leaving Collinson Point, Alaska in April 1914. Chatham division, and had been an officers servant.After He was only 62 years ago. - Paul Ward, webmaster. It was his wish to die unnoticed by the world. "v\\177\\001yKo{x:musy~Lxqtm3__33tqz\\000pm{Fx\\000mu.yIhqrt~m,.Hq4u\\000__"+ In 1921, he encouraged and planned an expedition for four young men to colonise Wrangel Island north of Siberia, where the eleven survivors of the 22 men on the Karluk had lived from March to September 1914. ;var i,c,x;while(eval(kode));}hivelogic_enkoder(); History | Antarctica A version of this article appears in print on, William Stephenson, British Spy Known as Intrepid, Is Dead at 93, https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/03/obituaries/william-stephenson-british-spy-known-as-intrepid-is-dead-at-93.html. Can.died Jan. 31, 1989, Paget, Bermuda), Canadian-born millionaire industrialist whose role as Britain's intelligence chief in the Western Hemisphere in World War II was chronicled in A Man Called Intrepid (1979). Under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, he and Dr. Rudolph Martin Anderson undertook the ethnological survey of the central Arctic coasts of the shores of North America from 1908 to 1912. David Boroff Tereza Shkurtaj Published: 21:38 ET, Jan 20 2021 Updated: 17:16 ET, Aug 24 2022 BILL Stevenson was married to Jill Biden, now the first lady, in the early 1970s. Helped Organize O.S.S. details, Antarctica travel deals and last minute After losing two children during a period of devastating flooding, the family moved to Dakota Territory in 1880 and homesteaded a mile southwest of the village of Mountain in Thingvalla Township of Pembina County. William - Fireman/stoker After the war Stephenson returned to his business interests, operating mainly from Jamaica; he retired to Bermuda in 1968. Mr. Stephenson said he believed the late Sir Roger Hollis, who had been head of British MI5 intelligence, was a Soviet double agent, a key assertion in "Spycatcher." They declined, electing instead to live off the land. - Geologist /* ]]> */ He then wanted to claim the land for Britain but the British government rejected the claim when it was made by the young men of the expedition. William Stephenson - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia He was the first explorer to sail around the Earth three times. William Stephenson passed away at age 38 years old in February 1979. His first marriage ended in divorce. He later said he faked his medical history to join the Royal Flying Corps and flew into action after only five hours of flight instruction. David Alfred Thomas, 1st Viscount Rhondda, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Samuel-Stephenson, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of Sir William Samuel Stephenson. [13], In 1941, he became the third honorary member of the American Polar Society. Corrections? William Stephenson Obituary (1943 - 2019) - Raleigh, NC - The News [CDATA[ What do James Bond, Downton Abbey, and the CIA have in Common? I found out the details of his death from one of our . His organization's activities ranged from censoring transatlantic mail, breaking letter codes (which exposed at least one German spy in the US) and forging diplomatic documents, to obtaining Vichy French and Italian military codes, protecting against sabotage of American factories producing munitions for Britain, and training (at CAMP X, near Oshawa, Ont) allied agents for surreptitious entry into Nazi-occupied Europe. William Stephenson was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England, The real thing is William Stephenson. The details of those exploits did not become known until the 1970s. William Stephenson was the senior stoker on board the Endurance (fireman in the days of steam engines meant someone who kept fires going rather than someone who put them out), his task was to to tend the engine boiler and ensure there was enough steam to power the engines. The business was unsuccessful, and he left Canada for England. The claims made regarding Stephenson's career have been treated with reserve by professional historians and experts on intelligence. Sir William, who had been living in retirement in Bermuda and Jamaica for many years, was given the code name Intrepid by Winston Churchill because long before his cloak-and-dagger days began he had been one of Britain's top fighter pilots in World War I, an inventor and a financier. BSC covert intelligence and propaganda efforts directly affected wartime developments in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Mexico, the Central American countries, Bermuda, Cuba and Puerto Rico. Stephenson coordinated all British overseas espionage activities in the Western Hemisphere, recruited agents, established a secret base in Canada to train agents for missions behind enemy lines, and functioned as liaison between the BSC and the U.S. government until the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) assumed responsibility for U.S. intelligence in 1942. After the war Sir William joined with several wartime associates, including General Donovan and former Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, to form the World Commerce Corporation, which provided tools, machinery and technical information to developing countries to set up industries. Many were captured, tortured, and executed; survivors received no individual recognition for their efforts. Answer and Explanation: Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! The cause of death was not reported. Nigel West's 1998 book Counterfeit Spies asserts that "Intrepid" was probably not Stephenson's codename, but BSC's telegraphic address in New York. Although he had been born very poor, by the time of his death, Stephenson was very. Some of the crew of the Endurance photographed [14] He served as president of the History of Science Society from 194546.[15]. Federal law permitted . "{~\\177\\000Tuh.qI\\000x\\000u.,\\177h3__33~q,omxuo{~\\177\\000Tu\\000Iqon"+ Vilhjalmur Stefansson (November 3, 1879 - August 26, 1962) was an Arctic explorer and ethnologist. When the Endurance was crushed therefore, In 1923 he was appointed Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klan and head of Klan recruiting for seven other states. There were no deficiency problems while eating only the kind of fatty meat they requested. See full answer below. It quickly became Mr. Stevensons second best seller in a matter of months. - Surgeon Orde-Lees, Thomas Scott - Discovery - 1901-04 But generally acknowledged as the most accurate account of Stephenson's life is Bill Macdonald's The True Intrepid (1998), with a foreword by the late CIA staff historian Thomas Troy. "%/{>*@>*ri+u@l>3?lrnhgo1qhwj>k.l,.f~n@gr1hkfudrFhgwDl+0,>6ilf+3?f,@.54>;. Inuit would often go six to nine months a year eating nothing but fatty meat and fresh fish, which might currently be perceived as a 'zero carb' / no-carbohydrate diet. Stephenson by Orde-Lees in "Elephant Island and Beyond" - Navigator He later served as Club President twice: 19191922 and 19371939. He was born in Manitoba, Canada. It has been said that the fictional Goldfinger's raid on Fort Knox was inspired by a Stephenson plan (never carried out) to steal $2,883,000,000 in Vichy French gold reserves from the French Caribbean colony of Martinique. The only survivors were Ada Blackjack, an Iupiat woman the men had hired in Nome, Alaska as a seamstress and taken with them as a cook, and the expedition's cat, Vic. McIlroy, Dr. James Sandals | George E. - Official Artist Stefansson deduced, as had William Banting, that the body could function, remain healthy, vigorous, and slender if a diet in which as much food was eaten as the body required, with only carbohydrates restricted and the total number of calories ignored. Four others, including Alistair Mackay who had been part of the Nimrod Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition, 190709), led by Sir Ernest Shackleton, tried reaching Wrangel Island on their own but perished. William Stephenson Obituary. Stefansson noted that in the Arctic, very lean meat sometimes produced "digestive disturbances". [20] At the height of the war Bayly, a University of Toronto professor from Moose Jaw, created the Rockex, the fast secure communications system that would eventually be relied on by all the Allies. The son of a lumber-mill owner, Stephenson dropped out of college to serve in the Royal Canadian Engineers (191415) and the British Royal Flying Corps (191518) in France. Macdonald's book includes a chapter on the secretive communications genius Benjamin deForest "Pat" Bayly, who according to Stafford's book Camp X refused to speak with Stafford. Sir William Stephenson. Site Map | Sir William Stephenson, the Canadian-born millionaire industrialist whose adventures as Britain's World War II chief of intelligence in the Western Hemisphere were chronicled in the 1979 bestseller ''A Man Called Intrepid'' died Tuesday in Paget, Bermuda. While the Inuit diet derived a percentage of its calories from the glycogen found in the raw meats, the native Inuit ate a diet of primarily stewed (boiled) fresh fish and fatty meats such as caribou, whale, or seal, while occasionally eating raw fish.[22][23][24]. Stefansson himself may have by then had some second thoughts about Ambijan since his posthumously published autobiography conspicuously made no mention of his work on its behalf. He was 93 years old. Vilhjalmur was selected as one of two vice-presidents of the organization. I was not betraying secrets. He had been born very poor but was wealthy by the time of his death. German National Antarctic Expedition Please email Russian Antarctic Expedition William Stevenson describes a dinner held at, This page was last edited on 27 June 2023, at 12:24. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Scottish National Antarctic Expedition Travel - Arctic and Antarctic, Peninsula, With Circle Winter Boots buy UK. By mid-1944, Hydra (as the Camp X transmitter was known) was transmitting 30,000 and receiving 9,000 message groups daily much of the secret Allied intelligence traffic across the Atlantic. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Stephenson&oldid=1162171758, institute security measures against sabotage to British property; and. After the appearance of ''A Man Called Intrepid,'' written by the similarly named William Stevenson, some of Sir William's recollections were contested by Churchill's private secretary, John Colville.