In 1997, the City of Zagreb itself was given special County status, separating it from Zagreb County,[69] although it remains the administrative centre of both. Zagreb's offerings include crystal, china and ceramics, wicker or straw baskets, and top-quality Croatian wines and gastronomic products. [65] Croatian Chief of Office of Emergency Management Pavle Kalini stated Zagreb experiences around 400 earthquakes a year, most of them being imperceptible. They think the top 5 list because Zagreb is small. Don't miss downtown Zagreb. Winters are relatively cold, bringing overcast skies and a precipitation decrease pattern. But where's challenges, there's also solutions. Austro-Hungarian architecture: The city has many beautiful buildings and squares that show its long past. The World Center "Wonder of Croatian Nave Art" exhibits masterpieces of Croatian nave art as well as the works of a new generation of artists. [149], Highway A2 is a part of the Corridor Xa. [50] This event initiated the creation of pedestrian-only zones in the city centre and numerous new sport infrastructure, lacking until then, all around the city. Mimara Museum was founded with a donation from Ante "Mimara" Topi and opened to the public in 1987. Near the cathedral is the Baroque palace of the archbishops of Zagreb, with a chapel of St. Stephen (mid-13th century). City administration offices, institutions and services (18 city offices, 1 public institute or bureau and 2 city services) have been founded for performing activities within the self-administrative sphere and activities entrusted by the state administration. Exciting, isn't it? What is Zagreb Most Famous For? Zagreb is made for strolling. [citation needed], Highway A3 (formerly named Bratstvo i jedinstvo) was the showpiece of Croatia in the SFRY. We recommend you take a walk along this street and get to know the real soul of Zagreb that way. Zagreb: The Eye-catching Inland Capital Of Croatia - Go 2 GO What To See In Zagreb? - Tourismguide.info The first comprises a tennis center situated in a large tennis hall with four courts. [118] From time to time, the museum organizes topics and retrospective exhibitions by nave artists, expert meetings and educational workshops and playrooms. But a visit here doesn't only involve strolling past Old Masters or seeing the last resting place of the country's most notable figures. In 1669, they founded an academy where philosophy, theology, and law were taught, the forerunner of today's University of Zagreb. Ministarstvo uprave", "Sustav lokalne i podrune (regionalne) samouprave", "Gradske etvrti Grad Zagreb slubene stranice", "Gradske etvrti grada Zagreba / ZGportal Zagreb", "Doznajte kako su glasale pojedine gradske etvrti Zagreba Dnevnik.hr", "Gradska etvrt Podsljeme Grad Zagreb slubene stranice", "Karta Podsljeme Zagreb Karta Zagreba", "Gradska etvrt Podsljeme / ZGportal Zagreb", "Udaljenost Sesvete - Zagreb - Udaljenosti.com", "Medvednica / Simboli grada Zagreba / ZGportal Zagreb", "Zagreb moderna metropola bogate povijesti HUP Zagreb", "Grad Zagreb Velegrad zelenog srca Jutarnji List", "Unitarna i centralizirana Hrvatska zrela za redizajn Glas Slavonije", "Sindikati trae izdvajanje Grada Zagreba iz statistike podjele RH", "Dva teksta iz sredine 14. stoljea. BIGANDT.COM/Shutterstock Location of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia In downstream order, these are: There are also two rail traffic bridges across the Sava, one near the Sava bridge and one near Mievec, as well as two bridges that are part of the Zagreb bypass, one near Zaprei (west), and the other near Ivanja Reka (east). Time Out Zagreb | The best things to do in Zagreb The largest industrial zone (itnjak) in the south-eastern part of the city represents an extension of the industrial zones on the eastern outskirts of the city, between the Sava and the Prigorje region. ", "Twinning Cities: International Relations", "Zagreb Christmas Market 2021 - Dates, hotels, things to do,", "I treu godinu zaredom: Zagreb ima najbolji Advent u Europi! It is often used highway around Zagreb. . Technical Museum was founded in 1954 and it maintains the oldest preserved machine in the area, dating from 1830, which is still operational. There are about fourteen big shopping centers in Zagreb. Finding a parking space is supposed to be made somewhat easier by the construction of new underground multi-story parking lots (Importanne Center, Importanne Gallery, Lang Square, Tukanac, Kvaternik Square, Klai Street, etc.). The Rally was won by Sbastien Ogier and Julien Ingrassia, Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT crew. The highway A6 was upgraded in October 2008 and leads from Zagreb to Rijeka, and forming a part of the Pan-European Corridor Vb. There are two deputy mayors elected from the same list, Danijela Dolenec and Luka Korlaet. Explore the two sides of old Zagreb 2. [178] The first recorded appearance of the name Zagreb is dated to 1094, at which time the city existed as two different city centers: the smaller, eastern Kaptol, inhabited mainly by clergy and housing Zagreb Cathedral, and the larger, western Gradec, inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. Visit art museums in Zagreb 3. Late autumn is characterized by a mild increase in the number of rainy days and a gradual decrease in daily temperature averages. It comprises a big tennis court and eight smaller ones, two of which are covered by the so-called "balloon", and another two equipped with lights. As the season progresses, sunny days become more frequent, bringing higher temperatures. Sports and Recreational Center alata, located in alata, only a couple hundred meters from the Jelai Square, is most attractive for tennis players. Tourism in Zagreb, Croatia - Europe's Best Destinations What Is Zagreb Famous For? - Segirt Last Minute Latest News The city also expanded westward and eastward, incorporating Dubrava, Podsused, Jarun, Blato, and other settlements. [46] As a sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the Tatars the Croatian and Hungarian King Bla IV bestowed Gradec with a Golden Bull, which offered its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy, as well as its own judicial system. The city has an extensive avenue network with numerous main arteries up to ten lanes wide and Zagreb bypass, a congested four-lane highway encircling most of the city. 11 Things You Should Know About Croatian Culture The network operates at the curb whereas on larger avenues its tracks are situated inside the green belts. The stage on Opatovina hosts the Zagreb Histrionic Summer theatre events. Veernji.hr", "Deklaraciju o proglaenju suverene i samostalne Republike Hrvatske (Declaration on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Croatian Republic)", "O imaginarnim kartama Junog Novog Zagreba", "Statistiki ljetopis Grada Zagreba 2007. [135] Almost all of the largest Croatian as well as Central European companies and conglomerates such as Agrokor, INA, Hrvatski Telekom have their headquarters in the city. The Croatian National Theater in Zagreb was built in 1895 and opened by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. [81], Zagreb is twinned with the following towns and cities:[82][83][84]. In 2020 the city was hit by a 5.5 magnitude earthquake. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Zagreb is the capital of Croatia and the country's most populous city. A further extension of the A1 up to Dubrovnik is under construction[needs update]. The Day of the City of Zagreb on 16 November is celebrated every year with special festivities, especially on the Jarun lake in the southwestern part of the city. [169], In Zagreb you will also find 4 International Schools:[170]. Ride the world's shortest funicular 3. [161], The commuter rail network in Zagreb has existed since 1992. Vijesti hrvatska Veernji list", "Slubene stranice Grada Zagreba Zaposlenost i nezaposlenost", "CENTRALIZIRANA HRVATSKA Analiza Jutarnjeg zaposleni Zagrepani primaju 50 posto vee plae od Varadinaca! According to the Constitution, the city of Zagreb, as the capital of Croatia, has a special status. but according to Dcsy (1990) it could be an Austrian German reanalysis of *Zugram. The climate of Zagreb is classified as an oceanic climate (Kppen climate classification Cfb) with significant continental influences, very closely bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) as well as a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Trams usually travel at speeds of 3050km/h (1931mph), but slow considerably during rush hour. GRAD ZAGREB", "Intercity and International Cooperation of the City of Zagreb", "Na Bundekfestu prvi put i gradovi prijatelji-Rim, Be, Budimpeta i Ljubljana", "Saint Petersburg in figures International and Interregional Ties", "Acordos de Geminao, de Cooperao e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa", "Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site", " : "" ", "Declaration of intent signed by Akim of Astana and Mayor of Croatias capital", "Zagreb i Petrinja postaju gradovi prijatelji", "Vukovar i Zagreb gradovi prijatelji: Povelju o prijateljstvu potpisali Bandi i Penava", "Koji su to sve gradovi prijatelji naem Zagrebu? [80] At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Albanians, Bosniaks, Czechs, Hungarians, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Roma, Slovenes and Serbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 25 members minority councils of the City of Zagreb while Bulgarians, Poles, Pannonian Rusyns, Russians, Slovaks, Italians, Turks, Ukrainians and Jews of Croatia elected individual representatives with representative of the Germans of Croatia remaining unelected due to the lack of candidates. According to 2008 data, the city of Zagreb has the highest PPP and nominal gross domestic product per capita in Croatia at $32,185 and $27,271 respectively, compared to the Croatian averages of US$18,686 and $15,758. Every time before you make the decision of "Why to visit" a city, you have to ask yourself "What is this city famous for" or "What do I have to try". Some of the most notable sport clubs in Zagreb are: GNK Dinamo Zagreb, KHL Medveak Zagreb, RK Zagreb, KK Cibona, KK Zagreb, KK Cedevita, NK Zagreb, HAVK Mladost and others. The transport connections, the concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. [151] Forming a part of the Corridor Vb, highway A4 starts in Zagreb forming the northeastern wing of the Zagreb bypass and leads to Hungary until the Gorian border crossing. An urbanized area connects Zagreb with the surrounding towns of Zaprei, Samobor, Dugo Selo, and Velika Gorica. For this, Hungarian linguist Gyula Dcsy proposes the etymology of Chabrag, a well-attested hypocorism of the name Cyprian. It overlooks the western part of the city and also hosts the Shrine of the Homeland, a memorial with an eternal flame, where Croatia pays reverence to all its heroes fallen for homeland in its history, customarily on national holidays. The vast majority of Zagrebs residents consider themselves to be Croats; of the many other ethnic minorities, Serbs are the most significant. Zagreb - definition of Zagreb by The Free Dictionary Zagreb has four separate seasons. 32 Things To Do in Zagreb (And What Not To Do) + Best Food Alongside the bishop's see, the canonical settlement Kaptol developed north of Zagreb Cathedral, as did the fortified settlement Gradec on the neighbouring hill; the border between the two being the Medveak stream. ", SEISMOGENIC ZONES OF NORTHWESTERN CROATIA, "Earthquake Zagreb, Croatia Embassy of the United States", "STIU UPUTE KAKO SE PONAATI: "Potresi se stalno dogaaju. There are many interesting sights and happenings for tourists to attend in Zagreb, for example, the two statues of Saint George, one at the Republic of Croatia Square, the other at the Stone Gate, where the image of Virgin Mary is said to be the only thing that did not burn in the 17th-century fire. 1. It also hosts music events. Mappr Zagreb, the capital city of Croatia Zagreb is the hub of culture, science, economy, politics, and administration for the Republic of Croatia. Omissions? The museum holdings consist of almost 2000 works of art paintings, sculptures, drawings, and prints, mainly by Croatians but also by other well-known world artists. [10] It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb (/zrb/ ZAH-greb[7] Croatian:[zreb] (listen)[a])[9] is the capital and largest city of Croatia. Its expansion in the 20th century proceeded eastward and westward, and after 1945 new residential construction went up on the south (right) bank of the Sava River. [11] The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,071,150,[2] between a quarter and a third of the total population of Croatia, while at the 2021 census the city itself had a population of 767,131. Pick and choose from this massive list of things to see in Zagreb . Corrections? The name is first recorded in a charter by archbishop of Esztergom Felician, dated 1134, mentioned as Zagrabiensem episcopatum. The capital and largest city of Croatia on the Sava River in the north-central part of the country. In another legend,[36][37][38][39][40] a city governor is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to "scoop" water from the Manduevac well (nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelai Square), using the imperative: Zagrabi, Mando! This has enhanced the commuting opportunities across the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia: here Central Europe, the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of Croatia. The recipe is the same for all makers, utilizing flour, sugar, water and baking soda - plus the obligatory spices. The Croatian National Theatre is housed in a neo-Baroque building in the city. The Draen Petrovi Basketball Hall seats 5,400 people. Hippodrome Zagreb offers recreational horseback riding opportunities, while horse races are held every weekend during the warmer part of the year. The Archbishop is Josip Cardinal Bozani. Shop at Zagreb's farmers' market (s) Explore Zagreb parks and forests. After the mid-1950s, construction of new residential areas south of the Sava river began, resulting in Novi Zagreb (Croatian for New Zagreb), originally called "Juni Zagreb" (Southern Zagreb). The name Agram was used in German in the Habsburg period; this name has been classified as "probably of Roman origin"[34] Also, there is an art installation starting in the Bogovieva Street, called Nine Views. Two additional bridges across the river Sava are proposed: Jarun Bridge and Bundek Bridge. Search out the grittier pockets of town where ugly-bland concrete . Our top recommendations for what to do in Zagreb. Its capital is Zagreb, located in the north. Zagreb Facts, Figures and Information about Zagreb, Croatia - Local Life Retrieved on 25 January 2008. The 16,500-seat arena[130] hosted the 2009 World Men's Handball Championship. 10 surprising things you didn't know about Zagreb - The Local Each Saturday, (from April until the end of September), on St. Mark's Square in the Upper town, tourists can meet members of the Order of The Silver Dragon (Red Srebrnog Zmaja), who reenact famous historical conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol. The Art Pavilion by Viennese architects Hellmer and Fellmer who were the most famous designers of theatres in Central Europe is a neo-classical exhibition complex and one of the landmarks of the downtown. A volleyball sports hall is within the park. The other block offers multipurpose sports facilities: apart from tennis courts, there are handball, basketball and indoor football grounds, as well as track and field facilities, a bocci ball alley and table tennis opportunities. [27][28][29] Almost all of the largest Croatian companies, media, and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. On average there are 29 days with snowfall, with the first snow usually falling in early December. The Zen of visiting Zagreb - 5 tips to have a true experience Below are just a few of the famous historical buildings that can be found in Zagreb. With its 160,000 exhibits, the Arts and Crafts Museum is a national-level museum for artistic production and the history of material culture in Croatia. - Narodni.NET", "Manduevac, fontana po kojoj je Zagreb dobio ime", "Zagreb nije oduvijek bio Zagreb. As a political centre, Zagreb played an important role in the history of Croatia, which struggled first against Turkey and later against attempted Germanization by Austria. Zagrebs old town consists of two medieval settlements on the hill: Gri, the civil settlement, which was renamed Gradec (Fortress) when it was encircled by walls that were built to defend against the Mongols in the 13th century; and Kaptol, the ecclesiastical settlement, which was fortified in the 16th century. Zagreb, capital and chief city of Croatia. What is the Capital of Croatia? | Mappr 2. It has become an important tourist destination, not only in Croatia, but considering the whole region of southeastern Europe. ], Bjelovar, Bjelovar-BilogoraSlavonski Brod, Brod-PosavinaDubrovnik, Dubrovnik-NeretvaPazin, Istria, Karlovac, KarlovacKoprivnica, Koprivnica-KrievciKrapina, Krapina-ZagorjeGospi, Lika-Senj, akovec, MeimurjeOsijek, Osijek-BaranjaPoega, Poega-SlavoniaRijeka, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sisak, Sisak-MoslavinaSplit, Split-Dalmatiaibenik, ibenik-KninVaradin, Varadin, Virovitica, Virovitica-PodravinaVukovar, Vukovar-SyrmiaZadar, ZadarZagreb, Zagreb. www.tirana.gov.al. Islamic religious organization of Croatia has the see in Zagreb. In 2010 more than 600,000[106] tourists visited the city, with a 10%[107] increase seen in 2011. 9. [129] This centre is used for basketball, handball, volleyball, hockey, gymnastics, tennis, etc. Zagreb. [136], As of May 2015, the average monthly net salary in Zagreb was 6,669 kuna, about 870 (Croatian average is 5,679 kuna, about 740). However, in recent years, the number of days with snowfall in wintertime has decreased considerably. 15 Reasons Everyone Should Visit Zagreb At Least Once - Culture Trip The present-day republic is composed of the historically Croatian regions of Croatia-Slavonia (located in the upper arm of the country), Istria (centred on the Istrian Peninsula on the northern Adriatic . Where is Zagreb? Skiers visit Sljeme, which has four ski-runs, three ski-lifts, and a chairlift. Kovacic joins Man City from Chelsea on four-year deal | Reuters In mid-January 2005, Sljeme held its first World Ski Championship tournament. President is Mufti Aziz Hasanovi. Long popular as a tourist destination, it hosts some of Croatia's best (and quirkiest) museums, along with a great shopping, dining, and caf culture. Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications, Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections, List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia, Islamic religious organization of Croatia, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, "Zagreb Urban Agglomeration Development Strategy for the period up to 2020", "Statistiki ljetopis Grada Zagreba 2007", "BRUTO DOMAI PROIZVOD ZA REPUBLIKU HRVATSKU, HR_NUTS 2021. The top Zagreb attractions to visit in November with tips to make the best of your time in the city. Zagreb definition, a city in and the capital of Croatia, in the northwestern part. Today, Zagreb is the only Croatian city whose metropolitan population exceeds one million. In May 1995, it was targeted by Serb rocket artillery in two rocket attacks which killed seven civilians and wounded many. Luko used to be the main airport of Zagreb from 1947 to 1959. Zagreb Airport (IATA: ZAG, ICAO: LDZA) is the main Croatian international airport, a 17km (11mi) drive southeast of Zagreb in the city of Velika Gorica. Heatwaves can occur but are short-lived. Zagreb Croatia Tourism (2023) Travel Guide Top Places | Holidify [115], Ethnographic Museum was founded in 1919. [164] The airport had 3,45million passengers in 2019 with a new passenger terminal being opened in late March 2017 that can accommodate up to 5,5million passengers. The museum holds works of Croatian nave expression of the 20th century. Croatia | Facts, Geography, Maps, & History | Britannica 39 of the Most Challenging World Capitals Across History. Let's see why you should visit Zagreb it and what you have to try. (However, note Croatian brg < Proto-Slavic *berg, which also means '(smaller) hill', and za brg 'to or toward the hill' for the seemingly metathesized variant in Hungarian, Zabrag possibly modified from assumed *Zabreg because of Hungarian vowel harmony.) Zagreb guide: 10 reasons to visit Croatia's capital - Intrepid Travel The historic district can be reached on foot, starting from the Ban Jelai Square, the center of Zagreb, or by a funicular on nearby Tomieva Street. To the north is the Medvednica Mountain (Croatian: Zagrebaka gora), with its highest peak Sljeme(1,035 m), where one of the tallest structures in Croatia, Zagreb TV Tower is located. [50], Modern Zagreb's town core emerged from the Upper Town medieval settlements of Gradec and Kaptol. The gingerbread is shaped into moulds, baked, dried and painted with edible colours. [109] The most famous are the Egyptian collection, the Zagreb mummy and bandages with the oldest Etruscan inscription in the world (Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis), as well as the numismatic collection. The average daily mean temperature in the winter is around 1C (34F) (from December to February) and the average temperature in the summer is 22.0C (71.6F). However, in case of a strong earthquake, it's expected that 3,000 people would die and up to 15,000 would be wounded. [119], The Institute for Contemporary Art (Institut za suvremenu umjetnost), successor to the Soros Center for Contemporary Art Zagreb (SCCA Zagreb), was founded in 1993, and registered as an independent nonprofit organization in 1998. The first horse-drawn tram was used in 1891. Since the end of the war, it has attracted close to a million visitors annually, mainly from Austria, Germany, and Italy, and in recent years many tourists from far east (South Korea, Japan, China, and last two years, from India). Znate li kako se zvao? As the cultural centre of Croatia, Zagreb is the seat of the Academy of Sciences and Arts and of the University of Zagreb (1669). In 2005, suburban rail services were increased to a 15-minute frequency serving the middle and outer suburbs of Zagreb, primarily in the eastwest direction and to the southern districts. An even older form is reflected in Hungarian Zabrag (recorded from c.1200 and in use until the 18th century). More than 200,000 students have attained the Bachelor's degree at the university, which has also assigned 18,000 Master's and 8,000 Doctor's degrees. Zagreb has been, and is, hosting some of the most popular mainstream artists, in the past few years their concerts held the Rolling Stones, U2, Eric Clapton, Deep Purple, Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Roger Waters, Depeche Mode, Prodigy, Beyonc, Nick Cave, Jamiroquai, Manu Chao, Massive Attack, Metallica, Snoop Dogg, Lady Gaga, Duran Duran as well as some of world most recognised underground artists such as Dimmu Borgir, Sepultura, Melvins, Mastodon and many more. What is Zagreb best known for? The etymology of the name Zagreb is unclear. The new "TMK 2200", trams by the end of 2012 made around 95% of the fleet. Top Attractions in Zagreb. And the less obvious, the better. This link will be standard-gauge and tie in with normal Croatian Railways operations. Shop at Trnica Dolac Market More markets 10. As of 2011[update], the University of Zagreb is ranked among 500 Best Universities of the world by the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities. [61], Due to a long-standing restriction that forbade the construction of 10-story or higher buildings, most of Zagreb's high-rise buildings date from the 1970s and 1980s and new apartment buildings on the outskirts of the city are usually 48 floors tall. The capital is also known for its top Restaurants in Zagreb[105] that offer more than traditional Croatian food and classic dishes. [58], In the 2000s, the City Assembly approved a new plan that allowed for the many recent high-rise buildings in Zagreb, such as the Almeria Tower, Eurotower, HOTO Tower, Zagrebtower and one of the tallest skyscrapers Sky Office Tower. Stop by the pretty Kallina House 9. [122][123][124] It is the first private museum in the country. Croatia was part of Yugoslavia from 1945 until 1991. Croatia's political and cultural heart, Zagreb is the country's capital and a thriving and energetic city. 22 awesome things to do in Zagreb. [111] These are the remains, stone weapons, and tools of prehistoric Krapina man. Now known as Zagreb Old Town, Kaptol and Gradec were combined. The holdings comprise over 80,000 items arranged systematically into collections of artistic and mundane objects characteristic of the city and its history. Carr is known for hosting the. Zagreb is an international trade and business centre, as well as an essential transport hub placed at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Mediterranean and the Southeast Europe. History of Zagreb | Adventures Croatia Built in the 11 th century, the Cathedral is considered a symbol of Zagreb due to its relationship with Croatia's independence. It is a city known for its diverse economy, high quality of living, museums, sporting, and entertainment events. Sip a coffee for hours. [45] Today the latter is Zagreb's Upper Town (Gornji Grad) and is one of the best preserved urban nuclei in Croatia. The final resting place for 300,000 souls of many religious backgrounds, Mirogoj is Zagreb's equivalent of London's Highgate cemetery and encapsulates the city's rich. Modern Gallery (Croatian: Moderna galerija) holds the most important and comprehensive collection of paintings, sculptures and drawings by 19th- and 20th-century Croatian artists. Zagreb is also the home of the INmusic festival, one of the biggest open-air festivals in Croatia which is held every year, usually at the end of June. For other uses, see, HR-10 000, HR-10 010, HR-10 020, HR-10 040, HR-10 090, Mass protests in Zagreb against the unification of the, People of Zagreb celebrating liberation on 12 May, Ilica, the famous shopping street of the city, Capitals of European states and territories, Toggle Politics and government subsection, Population census without clergy and nobility, Dcsy, Gyula in: Jean-Claude Boulanger (ed.).