[360], The state is home to various private institutions of higher learningranging from liberal arts colleges to a nationally recognized top-tier research university. Academics - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX [346], The state's two most widely recognized flagship universities are The University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University, ranked as the 21st[347] and 41st[348] best universities in the nation according to 2020's latest Center for World University Rankings report, respectively. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics", "In Texas, Biden's urban wins couldn't offset Trump's millions of votes in rural, red counties", "Analysis: The blue dots in Texas' red political sea", "Official Canvass Report 2020 November 3rd General Election", "Texas executes 500th person since resuming death penalty", "Tex Pe. [180], Maximum temperatures in the summer months average from the 80s F (26C) in the mountains of West Texas and on Galveston Island to around 100F (38C) in the Rio Grande Valley, but most areas of Texas see consistent summer high temperatures in the 90F (32C) range. Sea to Shining Sea. After refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, Houston was deposed as governor. [314][315] Lockheed builds the F-16 Fighting Falcon, the largest Western fighter program, and its successor, the F-35 Lightning II in Fort Worth. Texas has 730 airports, second-most of any state in the nation. The annexation meant the Mexican-American war of 1846-1848. airport. The state does not have townshipsareas within a county are either incorporated or unincorporated. [257] Texas is the fifth-largest Muslim-populated state in the country as of 2014. 3.0%. [339], The second president of the Republic of Texas, Mirabeau B. Lamar, is the Father of Texas Education. [169], East Texas outcrops consist of Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments which contain important deposits of Eocene lignite. [18][19] In 2010, there were 346,000 millionaires in Texas, constituting the second-largest population of millionaires in the nation. [373] The 2008 Men's Health obesity survey ranked four Texas cities among the top 25 fattest cities in America; Houston ranked 6th, Dallas 7th, El Paso 8th, and Arlington 14th. The Sabine River forms a natural border with Louisiana to the east. Texas.gov is the official website of the State of Texas. [287][300] In 2014, 10.6% of the electricity consumed in Texas came from wind turbines. Plans for a privately funded high-speed rail line between Dallas and Houston have been planned by the Texas Central Railway company. [175], During the spring Texas wildflowers such as the state flower, the bluebonnet, line highways throughout Texas. [85] The unrest erupted into armed conflict in late 1835 at the Battle of Gonzales. It begins with trail rides from several points throughout the state that convene at Reliant Park. Migrants abandoned the worst-hit sections of Texas during the Dust Bowl years. Texas Maps & Facts - World Atlas Events organized by UIL include contests in athletics (the most popular being high school football) as well as artistic and academic subjects. At the 2020 American Community Survey's estimates, 64.9% of the population spoke only English, and 35.1% spoke a language other than English. The first president of Texas, Sam Houston, aimed to cooperate and make peace with Native tribes, but his successor Mirabeau B. Lamar took a much more hostile stance towards Native Americans. The oldest sediments were deposited on the flanks of a rifted continental margin, or passive margin that developed during Cambrian time. [194] As of 2017[update] the state emits about 1,600billion pounds (707million metric tons) of carbon dioxide annually. [135], The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by Republican Tom DeLay, was called by The New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering". Here's a few things to know to help enhance your visit to Aggieland. [399] In Central Texas, the southern section of the State Highway 130 toll road has a speed limit of 85 miles per hour (137km/h), the highest in the nation. [44] Nine years later, shipwrecked Spanish explorer lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca and his cohort became the first Europeans in what is now Texas. At Texas A&M University-Commerce, we educate, discover and achieve. [417], Since 1911, Texas has led the nation in length of railroad miles within the state. The athletics portion of the Lone Star Showdown rivalry has been put on hold after the Texas A&M Aggies joined the Southeastern Conference. Today 9 to 12 miles (14 to 19km) of sediments are buried beneath the Texas continental shelf and a large proportion of remaining US oil reserves are here. $64,913. DART began operating the first light rail system in the Southwest United States in 1996. [318], Mexico, the state's largest trading partner, imports a third of the state's exports because of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). [257] Baptists altogether (Southern Baptists, American Baptist Associates, American Baptists, Full Gospel Baptists, General Baptists, Free Will Baptists, National Baptists, National Baptists of America, National Missionary Baptists, National Primitive Baptists, and Progressive National Baptists) numbered 3,837,306; Methodists within United Methodism, the AME, AME Zion, CME, and the Free Methodist Church numbered 1,026,453 Texans. [98], The Comanche Indians furnished the main Native American opposition to the Texas Republic, manifested in multiple raids on settlements. [216][217] At the 2020 census, the apportioned population of Texas stood at 29,183,290. [104], After a series of United States victories, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the two-year war. [82] They took advantage of the lack of oversight to agitate for more political freedom. [264] By 2020, there were 112,153 Hindus and 20 Sikh gurdwaras; 60,882 Texans adhered to Buddhism. [449][450], As of the midterm elections of 2022, a large majority of the members of Texas's U.S. House delegation are Republican, along with both U.S. [95] The Constitution of the Republic of Texas prohibited the government from restricting slavery or freeing slaves, and required free people of African descent to leave the country. The state is ranked No. [171], A wide range of animals and insects live in Texas. The state has various geographic regions, ranging from temperate plains to tropical areas. [135] Texas has the largest Black and African American population with over 3.9 million. [223] The major countries of origin for Texan immigrants were Mexico (55.1% of immigrants), India (5%), El Salvador (4.3%), Vietnam (3.7%), and China (2.3%). During the Johnson Administration the first lady, Lady Bird Johnson, worked to draw attention to Texas wildflowers. [206], Texas has 254 counties, which is more than any other state by 95 (Georgia). [207] Texas has the largest number of people living in colonias of all states. The state's Bill of Rights is much larger than its federal counterpart, and has provisions unique to Texas. [135] Beginning in the early 21st century, metropolitan areas including DallasFort Worth and Greater Austin became centers for the Texas Democratic Party in statewide and national elections as liberal policies became more accepted in urban areas. Francisco Vzquez de Coronado describes his 1541 encounter: Two kinds of people travel around these plains with the cows; one is called Querechos and the others Teyas; they are very well built, and painted, and are enemies of each other. Is Texas Southern, Western, or Truly a Lone Star? Position: F. College: Texas . Except for the secretary of state, voters elect executive officers independently; thus candidates are directly answerable to the public, not the governor. [273][274], Instead, the state collects revenue from property taxes (though these are collected at the county, city, and school district level; Texas has a state constitutional prohibition against a state property tax) and sales taxes. Subscribe and receive AGGIEBOUND magazine delivered to your door twice a year - FREE! [302] The Energy Information Administration states the state's large agriculture and forestry industries could give Texas an enormous amount biomass for use in biofuels. Texan. EL PASO, Texas (KFOX14/CBS4) A bill that will alter one of the requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in Texas was signed by Gov. By the time the region came to be explored, it belonged to the fairly well-known Comanche, another Uto-Aztecan people who had transitioned into a powerful horse culture, but it is believed that they came later and did not live there during the 16th century. [287][288] The state's refineries can process 5.95 million barrels (946,000m3) of oil a day. Texas - Wikipedia Cotton and lumber became major industries creating new economic booms in various regions of the state. [337], Since 1980, San Antonio has evolved into "The Tejano Music Capital Of The World". [249] In some areas of the stateparticularly in the large citiesWestern American English and General American English, is increasingly common. Nontrinitarian or Oneness Pentecostals numbered 7,042 between Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ, COOLJC, and the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World. Other fields were later discovered nearby in East Texas, West Texas, and under the Gulf of Mexico. Texas A&M University - Wikipedia The final battle of the Civil War was fought at Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, Texas, and saw a Confederate victory. Mainline Protestants in contrast made up 15% of Protestant Texas. [221][222], In 2015, Texas had 4.7 million foreign-born residents, about 17% of the population and 21.6% of the state workforce. [396] In 2004, a combined total of $298billion of goods passed through Texas FTZs.[396]. The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) operates light rail lines in the Houston area. The Rangers were integral to several important events of Texas history and some of the best-known criminal cases in the history of the Old West. 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