Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Kuang-hsi Chuang-tsu Tzu-chih-ch, Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi, Emeritus Professor and Former Chairman, Department of East Asian Studies, University of Toronto. [citation needed]. Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region leads in two-way fruit trade, thanks to enhanced border infrastructure Southeast Asian nations have continued to export an increasing volume of tropical fruits to China, fueled by a growing appetite from Chinese consumers and more convenient trade services since China optimized its COVID-19 response . Construction of major projects will be moved forward and the region's opening-up level will be further increased. (2016). Nation joining trade pact will benefit region, Shenzhen, Shanghai top new energy cities in China, China's desert control achievements in numbers, SMEs: The lifeblood of China's economy - and the world's, Things you should know about Summer Davos 2023, CEO of Orpea China: China still key driver of global growth. Earth-Science Reviews, 132, 112. In the extreme south, rain bursts caused by typhoons (tropical cyclones) occur between July and September. Yu, D., & Wei, Y. D. (2008). Google Scholar. Name Guangxi, in full Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi, Chinese (Pinyin) Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu or (Wade-Giles romanization) Kuang-hsi Chuang-tsu Tzu-chih-ch', autonomous region located in southern China. The Yao, Miao, and Dong settlements are widely scattered. [7] Name During the first half of 2007, 43 projects worthy of RMB2.6 billion (US$342 million) have already been contracted between Guangxi and Taiwan investors. Basile, R., Durbn, M., Mnguez, R., Montero, J. M., & Mur, J. Of the total investment, 2.3 billion yuan has been put into the project of the main power grid. Social Science Research, 44, 158172. [8] Guangxi and neighboring Guangdong literally mean 'expanse west' and 'expanse east'. Copyright2023 China Daily. Urbana: Spatial Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Illinois. Multidimensional inequalities in health care distribution in provincial China: A case study of Henan Province. Guangxi is the only western province or autonomous region in the PRC that has both deepwater seaports and land ports at its international borders. (2008). Beyond Beijing: Liberalization and the regions in China. HH denotes high values surrounded by high values and LL indicates low values surrounded by low values, etc. Around 125,000 people have gained access to electricity. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 12681277. [17], Due to frequent rain-bearing monsoon winds, average annual precipitation is quite high in Guangxi, ranging from 1,080 millimetres (43in) in drier zones to 1,730 millimetres (68in) in wetter zones. Qinzhou and Goulou Yue are spoken in the southern and eastern regions, respectively. Based on the multi-mechanism framework, we have revealed that geographic environment and . The work reports of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Government, the Standing Committee of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Higher People's Court, and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Procuratorate were approved at the conference. GlobalSecurity.org - Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Official Site of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, China Internet Information Center - Guangxi, Guangxi - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The execution of St. Auguste Chapdelaine by local officials in Guangxi provoked the Second Opium War in 1858 and the legalization of foreign interference in the interior. [17], Large portions of Guangxi are hilly and mountainous. [citation needed] Even the economic growth of the 1990s seemed to leave Guangxi behind. To connect Xi River system and coastal Guangxi, Chinese government started to construct Pinglu Canal. Liao, F. H. F., & Wei, Y. D. (2012). From Nanning, the NanningKunming Railway heads west through Baise to Kunming, Yunnan and the NanningFangchenggang Railway runs south to Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Beihai on the coast. [citation needed], Guangxi Power Grid invested 2.5 billion yuan in building an electric power system in the first half of 2007. (2010). Its mountainous terrain limits cultivation. Kneib, T., Hothorn, T., & Tutz, G. (2009). In B. J. Naughton & D. L. Yang (Eds. (2004). It helped to improve local peoples living standards and create a convenient transportation environment. On the brink of People's Republic of China's 70th birthday, one of its most ethnically diverse regions is celebrating some of the best development numbers of the past seven decades. Guangxi contains the largest population of China's ethnic minorities after Yunnan, in particular, the Zhuang people, who make up 32% of the population. [18] The highest concentration of ethnic Zhuang people is found in the county-level city of Jingxi, with a 2021 publication by the People's Government of Guangxi stating that Jingxi's population is 99.7% Zhuang. Beibu Gulf has already attracted several major projects such as Qinzhou oil refinery projects and Stora Enso, a Fortune 500 forest products company based in Finland. Generalized, linear, and mixed models (2nd ed.). The first session of the 13th Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress concluded in Nanning, capital of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region on Jan 31. Journal of Chinese Economics, 2, 1033. (2009). Google Scholar. [47], In 1992, Pinxiang Border Economic Cooperation Zone was established. [42], Due to its lack of a major manufacturing industry in comparison to other provinces, Guangxi is the fourth most energy efficient province in China, helping to further boost its green image. Cantonese culture and language followed the Xi River valley from Guangdong and are still predominant in the eastern half of Guangxi today. It focuses on the development of hardware mechanical and electrical products, daily-use chemical processing, services, and the international logistics-based storage and information industry. Howell, A. [18], Guangxi is also home to several river systems, which flow into several different bodies of water: the Qin River and the Nanliu River both flow into the Gulf of Tonkin, several tributary rivers flow into the larger Xiang River in neighbouring Hunan province, and the Xi River system flows southeast through the autonomous region into the South China Sea.[17]. The money has been used to build or alter 738 10-kilovolt distribution units with a total length of wire reaching 1,831.8 kilometers. At the Battle of Big Rattan Gorge between the Zhuang and the Yao in 1465, 20,000 deaths were reported. The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group in Guangxi. China Economic Review, 20(2), 338349. Autonomous regions of China - Wikipedia Oslo: University of Oslo. The region will add 300,000 new job opportunities and control the urban unemployment rate to below 6 percent. The LuoyangZhanjiang Railway (Luozhan Line), which intersects with the Xianggui Line on the Hunan side of the border at Yongzhou, runs south through Hezhou and Wuzhou in eastern Guangxi and joins the Lizhan Line at Yulin. ), Holding China together: Diversity and national integration in the post-Deng era (pp. [citation needed], The Yuan dynasty established control over Yunnan during its conquest of the Dali Kingdom in 1253 and eliminated the Southern Song following the Battle of Yamen in 1279. Zhuang's loyalty made his Self-Government Army cohesive but reluctant to move far beyond its own provinces. -1, Guilin makes greater strides in modernization, Li urges steps to bolster growth of border regions, Guangxi, ASEAN to deepen regional industrial chain cooperation, 1st inbound tour group from HK arrives in Guilin, Guangxi allies on vocational education with sister cities, Cross-border projects to settle in Guangxi's Chongzuo area, Liaison officials of China-ASEAN Summit meet in Beijing, Guangxi achieves consistent double-digit growth in digital economy, Entrepreneur blazes own business path in Yangshuo, Chinese auto enterprises roll out stimulus measures to spur consumption, Guilin's Pingle county inks 12.18b yuan deals in Shenzhen, 4 years on: Guangxi FTZ achieves flourishing developments, China sets main targets for 2023 in government work report, Dynamic Guangxi marches ahead on new historic start, Zengpiyan National Archaeological Site Park, Rock paintings tell ancient stories of China, Kazakhstan, Oil tea, a taste of cultural heritage in South China, Nixing pottery regains glory in its birthplace. Helbich, M., & Griffith, D. A. Two distinct Chinese linguistic influences can be noted: Southwest Mandarin is spoken in the Guilin district in the northeast as well as in the north, while Cantonese is spoken throughout the remainder of the region. Proteomics and metabonomics analyses of Covid-19 complications in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B: Statistical Methodology, 73(1), 336. Geniaux, G., & Napolone, C. (2008). This shall support the power supply system of Qiulong City, as well as the northern part of Guangxi province, and facilitate the nationwide project to transmit power from west to east. Luo, J., Zhang, X., Jin, C., & Wang, D. (2009). All Rights Reserved . Various regional languages and dialects such as Pinghua, Zhuang, Kam, Cantonese, Hakka, and Min are spoken alongside Mandarin Chinese. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is among the countrys less-developed provinces. Powered by China Daily. Guangxi's location in the far south of China has placed it on the frontier of Chinese civilization throughout much of China's history. [45], Established in 1992, Nanning Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved to be a national-level zone in May 2001. [17] Microbursts can also occasionally occur in the extreme south of the region, from July to September. Alternatively submissive to and independent of Han dynasty control, Southern Yue expanded colonization and sinicization under its policy of "Harmonizing and Gathering the Hundred Yue" () until its collapse in 111 BC during the southward expansion of the Han dynasty. In 2010 ADB approved a loan of $150 million for the Guangxi Southwestern Cities Development Project to improve living conditions in three cities of Guangxi, Peoples Republic of China while strengthening their ability to benefit from regional economic cooperation and integration. Guangxi uses transport system to open up - gxzf.gov.cn The project created significant social and economic benefits during implementation and since completion, and these have continued in the three cities, says ADBs Country Director the PRC Yolanda Fernandez Lommen. Anwar, S., & Sun, S. (2012). Important seaports along Guangxi's short coastline on the Gulf of Tonkin include Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang. Article ", "The advisory and legislative organs of Guangxi Province in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China", http://epaper.gxnews.com.cn/ngjb/html/200905/07/node_303.htm, "Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Economic News and Statistics for Guangxi's Economy", "Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Per Capita: Guangxi | Economic Indicators | CEIC", "The China Perspective | Guangxi Economic and Industry Profile/", "RightSite.asia | Beihai Export Processing Zone", "RightSite.asia Guilin National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone", "RightSite.asia | Nanning Economic & Technological Development Area", "RightSite.asia | Nanning Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone", "RightSite.asia | Pingxiang Border Economic Cooperation Zone", "An IR View: Clear goals essential to sister city relationship", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangxi&oldid=1161386482, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress. Han, S. S., & Qin, B. Xing, L., Fan, S., Luo, X., & Zhang, X. [11][12] Reports on the size of the battalion vary from 130 students,[13] to 500,[14] to 800. [Photo by Huang Ke/Guangxi Daily]. Future," the event was co-sponsored by the country's flagship . The political economy of uneven development: The case of China. In H. Cao (Ed. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, parts of Guangxi were ruled by the powerful Cen () clan. (2009). The great majority of Guangxis population lives in rural areas. A government work report released at the 14th Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress on Jan 12 stated that despite external pressures, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region has maintained stable economic growth and social operation in 2022. One third of the created jobs were held by women. [Photo/gxnews.com.cn], Maonan people step out of poverty, isolation. China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. In this landlocked country of 3.4 million people, 42% of households with people with disabilities live in poverty, compared with 18% of households with persons without disabilities. Guangxi contains the largest population of China's ethnic minorities after Yunnan, in particular, the Zhuang people, who make up 32% of the population. Wang, S.-J., Liu, Q.-M., & Zhang, D.-F. (2004). Sponsored by Hechi Government Guangxi | SpringerLink et al. Lai Derong ( simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: La Drng; born July 1957) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in southwest China 's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The 2nd Session of the 13th Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress concludes in Nanning on Jan 31. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. The Cen were of Zhuang ethnicity and were recognized as tusi or local rulers by the Chinese emperors. Journal of Economic Growth, 18(2), 179215. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is one of the less developed provinces in the People's Republic of China, yet holds massive potential at the intersection of two regional cooperation programs. Senior Fellow, National Endowment for the Humanities, 197374. List of members of the 11th National People's Congress - Wikipedia Guilin Photo: Wikimedia, CC0. [citation needed] Most of the precipitation occurs between May and August. CPPCC Guangxi Committee begins annual session Guangxi's People's Congress concludes - China Daily About one-quarter of Guangxi's area is forested. Sustainability, 6(9), 57635784. The increase of the consumer price index will be maintained to be around 3 percent. Journal of Mountain Science, 5(4), 350357. Wu, H. F., & Tam, T. (2015). [citation needed], Guangxi has pledged a 100 billion yuan (US$14 billion) investment over the next five years[when?] Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region - China Daily Its total planned area of 10.796 square kilometres (4.168sqmi). Project Result / Case Study | 01 June 2023, Project Result / Case Study | 04 May 2023, Project Result / Case Study | 24 March 2023, Project Result / Case Study | 17 March 2023, About ADB, how were organized, transparency, Projects, publications, products and services, operational priorities, and development knowledge, Countries with operations and subregional programs, country planning documents, Careers, business opportunities, and investor relations, People's Republic of China: Three Cities of Guangxi Realizing Their Potential in Regional Networks, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA), Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT), South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC), Civil Society/Non-government Organizations, 42010-013: Guangxi Southwestern Cities Development Project, How a Mongolian Company is Providing Jobs and Hope for People with Disabilities, Improving Bengalurus Livability Through Transit-Oriented Development, In Bangladesh, ADB Helped Build A Safer and Healthier Workplace for Women Garment Workers, Roads Enhance Connectivity and Create Opportunities in Isolated Hills in Nepal. Nandan Laxi National Wetland Park Zengpiyan National Archaeological Site Park We have found a recent trend of increasing county-level inequality, in which the distribution of regional inequality has changed from a single peak to a bimodal pattern. It will achieve a growth of 5.5 percent in GDP, 5 percent in general public budget revenue, 6.5 percent in industrial added value above designated size, over 8 percent in fixed asset investment, more than 6.5 percent in total retail sales of consumer goods, and over 7 percent in total import and export volume. Guangxi has devoted significant efforts to building an excellent business environment, which has achieved good results in attracting State-owned companies, private . With the approval, the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone will be formally incorporated into national development strategies. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 57, 111. Affiliations 1 Hepatobiliary Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. (2010). [citation needed] Guangxi's highest point is Kitten Mountain, in the Yuecheng Mountains, at 2,141 metres (7,024ft). It is bounded by the Chinese provinces of Yunnan to the west, Guizhou to the north, Hunan to the northeast, and Guangdong to the southeast; the Gulf of Tonkin (Beibu Gulf) and Vietnam border it to the south and southwest. Alesina, A., Michalopoulos, S., & Papaioannou, E. (2013). The remainder of the regions numerous riversincluding the Hongshui, Liu, Qian, You, Zuo, Yu, Xun, and Guifollow the general southeastward slant that characterizes the greater part of Guangxis terrain. Guangxi People's Congress wraps up in Nanning [44], Guilin Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in May 1988. Geography, Ethnicity and Regional Inequality in Guangxi Zhuang The project provided scope for womens effective project participation and access to employment opportunities through training and capacity building activities. Editor of, Emeritus Professor of History, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. Annals of Regional Science, 45(1), 181206. Understanding urban wage inequality in China 19882008: Evidence from quantile analysis. Pop. Because of the influence of the rain-bearing monsoon wind, which blows from the south and southwest from late April to the end of September, precipitation is abundant. Their languages are distinct and, at most, are only distantly related to Chinese. The Zhuang have absorbed Chinese culture, speaking both their own dialects and Cantonese. Ye, X., & Wei, Y. H. D. (2005). [citation needed] Also in the north are the Duyao Mountains. It is also noted that Guangxi will devote efforts to the transformation and upgrade of its manufacturing industry and will promote industrial vitalization. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 47(3), 329352. [citation needed], Under the Tang dynasty, the Zhuang moved to support Piluoge's kingdom of Nanzhao in Yunnan, which successfully repulsed imperial armies in 751 and 754. Harassed by both Song and the Jiaozhi in modern Vietnam, the Zhuang leader Nong Zhigao led a revolt in 1052 for which he is still remembered by the Zhuang people. [20], Guangxi has a subtropical climate. Further development of three cities in GuangxiBaise, Chongzuo, and Fangchenggang, which sit at strategic positions on the GMSs regional transport corridorswas needed to foster the regions economic transformation. Hechi is located in the northwestern part of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and the southern foothills of the Yungui Plateau. Due to the lack of FDI statistical data, gross output value of industrial enterprises above the designated size of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other countries to the total population in each county is used to reflect the extent and impact of globalization. Preparations for 20th CAEXPO go ahead smoothly. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 48, 229245. Jingxi County is currently known as Jingxi CLC after census. Tens of millions of people around the world have called upon the Government of China, the Governor of the Guangxi Autonomous Region, and the Mayor of Yulin to officially end the Dog Meat. This was reversed in 1955, and then restored in 1965. Desarrollo y Sociedad, 70, 117149. Fangchenggang increased its per capita GDP from $3,680 to $13,784; Chongzuos GDP increased from $1,620 to $8,246; and Baises GDP increased from $1,580 to $11,213. List of current Chinese provincial leaders - Wikipedia From Litang Township on the Xianggui Line between Nanning and Liuzhou, the LitangQinzhou Railway runs south to Qinzhou on the coast and the LitangZhanjiang Railway (Lizhan Line) extends southeastward through Guigang and Yulin to Zhanjiang, Guangdong. Land Degradation and Development, 15(2), 115121. The implementation of the 2018 plan for national economic and social development and the 2018 budget were also approved, as were resolutions for the execution of 2019 draft plans and the 2019 budget. This paper analyzes regional inequality in Western China through a case study of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1989 to 2012. Guangxi is divided into fourteen prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities: These 14 prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 111 county-level divisions (41 districts, 10 county-level cities, 48 counties, and 12 autonomous counties). Elevations between 3,000 and 6,000 feet (900 and 1,800 metres) above sea level are reached at the edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou (Yunguei) Plateau in the northwest, the Jiuwan and Fenghuang mountain ranges in the north, and the Yuecheng Mountains in the northeast. Largely ineffective within Vietnam, it was still able to repulse the French from China itself at the Battle of Zhennan Pass (modern Friendship Pass) on 23 March 1885. Dai, Q., Ye, X., Wei, Y.D. The abbreviation of the region is "" (Hanyu pinyin: Gu; Zhuang: Gvei), which comes from the name of the city of Guilin, the provincial capital during both the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty. Stands of fir, red pine, cedar, camphor, and rosewood are found in the north and west; oranges grow in profusion in the south; while the cassia tree, anise, and betel palm flourish in many parts of the region. [18], The predominant religions in Guangxi among the Han Chinese are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. [Photo/hcwang.cn]. The greater part of the region is composed of hilly country lying at a height of between 1,500 to 3,000 feet (450 to 900 metres). China: An International Journal, 11, 123. In the southeast, lowlands are situated at a height of between 300 and 1,500 feet (90 and 450 metres). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-017-9229-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-017-9229-3. These have contributed to changing the traditional way infrastructure projects were carried out in the project cities, bringing a focus on gender equality into the mainstream.. And in the same month, Qiulong commenced production too. Prominent types of wildlife include bison, boars, bears, gibbons (a kind of ape), hedgehogs, and cockatoos. In A. Hayes & M. Clarke (Eds. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 5322). Inequality of access to health care among the urban elderly in northwestern China. The first session of the 13th Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress concludes in Nanning, capital of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region on Jan 31. The state will adopt policies and measures to support mechanism innovation, rational industry layout, and infrastructure construction in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone. Yet it holds massive potential for growth due to its relationship with two major regional economic initiativesthe Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program (GMS) and the PRC-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area. Ethnic stratification amid Chinas economic transition: Evidence from the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region. (2014). Beyond convergence: Space, scale, and regional inequality in China. Wei, Y. H. D., & Fang, C. (2006). The fourth session of the 13th Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress kicked off in Nanning, capital of Guangxi, on Jan 21, with the aim of laying out a blueprint for the region's future development. [9], The name "Guangxi" can be traced to the "Expansive" or "Wide" province () of the Eastern Wu, which controlled southeastern China during the Three Kingdoms period. The population includes Han (Chinese), Zhuang, Mien (known in China as Yao), Hmong (known in China as Miao), and Dong. Wu, X., & Song, X. Guangxi People's Congress emphasizes development in border areas Guangxi has 7 airports in different cities: Nanning, Guilin, Beihai, Liuzhou, Wuzhou, Baise, and Hechi. He stated that blueprints had been drawn, and the key was putting them into action. The Greater Mekong Subregion at 20: Progress and Prospects Wenfu substation went into operation in the city of Hechi in January 2007, and since then it has become a major hub of the electrical power system of the surrounding three counties. The autonomous region also has sizable populations of indigenous Yao, Miao, Kam, Mulam, Maonan, Hui, Gin, Yi, Sui and Gelao peoples. Armonk: M.E. Summer lasts from April to October and is marked by enervating heat and high humidity. [43], Approved by the State Council, Beihai Export Processing Zone (BHEPZ) was established in March 2003. [17], Major cities in Guangxi include Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin, and Beihai. Geographical and structural constraints of regional development in western China: A study of Gansu Province. Guangxi is known for its ethnolinguistic diversity. "Guangxi" and neighbouring Guangdong literally mean "Western Expanse" and "Eastern Expanse". Lu Xinshe, director of the Standing Committee of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress, delivered a speech at the conference. Subsequent feuding with Sun Yat-sen led to defeat in the 1920 and 1921 GuangdongGuangxi War. Price excludes VAT (USA) In 1958 the province was transformed into the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxia step designed to help foster the cultural autonomy of the Zhuang, or Zhuangjia, people, who constitute the largest minority living in the region. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie [Journal of Economic and Social Geography], 102(4), 406425. Together, Guangxi and Guangdong are called Leong gwong (Liangkwang; traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ling gung; Cantonese Yale: luhng gwng; lit. Spatial outliers are in the upper right (high-high, HH) and lower left (low-low, LL) quadrants, and spatial clusters are in the lower right (high-low, HL) and upper left (low-high, LH) quadrants. Guilin formed one of its commanderies. New York: Routledge. The province holds approximately 1/3 of all tin and manganese deposits in China. London: Routledge. It was established in 1958 for the Zhuang, China's largest minority nationality. China's Achievements Over 70 Years: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous - CGTN [citation needed], Successful action in Hunan against Wu Peifu led to the Zhuang GPA becoming known as the "Flying Army" and the "Army of Steel." The 14th Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional People's Congress commences on Jan 12 in Nanning, capital of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Pinghua is spoken in Nanning and Guilin. School of Economics & Management, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA, Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA, Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China, School of Economics and Management and Resources Environmental Economic Research Center, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China, You can also search for this author in