Borusyak, Kirill, Xavier Jaravel, and Jann Spiess. Practicing Gun Safety Can Reduce Gun-Related Merrefield, Clark Gun Buybacks: What the Research Says, blog post, Journalists Resource, last updated October 21, 2022. United States Code, Title 18, Chapter 44, Firearms. Bose, Jonaki, Sarra L. Hedden, Rachel N. Lipari, and Eunice Park-Lee. As of December 6, 2021: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. Gun Violence on Children, Families As of June 26, 2020: Gun Violence Archive, Mass Shootings, webpage, undated-b. Kelling, G. L., T. Pate, D. Dieckman, and C. E. Brown, Kelly, Timothy, Sara Brandspigel, Evan Polzer, and Marian E. Betz, Firearm Storage Maps: A Pragmatic Approach to Reduce Firearm Suicide During Times of Risk,, Kendall, Todd D., and Robert Tamura, Unmarried Fertility, Crime, and Social Stigma,, Kenne Pagui, Euloge Clovis, Alessandra Salvan, and Nicola Sartori, Improved Estimation in Negative Binomial Regression,, Kennedy, D. M., Pulling Levers: Chronic Offenders, High-Crime Settings, and a Theory of Prevention,, Kennedy, D. M., Whither Streetwork: The Place of Outreach Workers in Community Violence Prevention,, Kennedy, D. M., A. M. Piehl, and A. Chapman, S., P. Alpers, K. Agho, and M. Jones, Australias 1996 Gun Law Reforms: Faster Falls in Firearm Deaths, Firearm Suicides, and a Decade Without Mass Shootings,, Chapman, Simon, Philip Alpers, and Michael Jones, Association Between Gun Law Reforms and Intentional Firearm Deaths in Australia, 19792013,, Chapman, S., M. Stewart, P. Alpers, and M. Jones, Fatal Firearm Incidents Before and After Australias 1996 National Firearms Agreement Banning Semiautomatic Rifles,, Chaudri, V., and J. Geanakoplos, A Note on the Economic Rationalization of Gun Control,, Chauhan, P., M. Cerda, S. F. Messner, M. Tracy, K. Tardiff, and S. Galea, Race/Ethnic-Specific Homicide Rates in New York City: Evaluating the Impact of Broken Windows Policing and Crack Cocaine Markets,, Cheng, Cheng, and Mark Hoekstra, Does Strengthening Self-Defense Law Deter Crime or Escalate Violence? An Empirical Investigation, 19862010,, Brenan, Megan, Most U.S. Teachers Oppose Carrying Guns in Schools,, Brent, D. A., M. Baugher, J. Bridge, T. H. Chen, and L. Chiappetta, Suicide in Affectively Ill Adolescents: A Case-Control Study,, Brent, D. A., M. Baugher, J. Bridge, T. H. Chen, and L. Chiappetta, Age- and Sex-Related Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide,, Brent, D. A., J. Most White Americans Do,, Sarani, Babak, Cheralyn Hendrix, Mary Matecki, Jordan Estroff, Richard L. Amdur, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Geoff Shapiro, Stephen Gondek, Roger Mitchell, and E. Reed Smith, Wounding Patterns Based on Firearm Type in Civilian Public Mass Shootings in the United States,, Saunders, J., P. Hunt, and J. S. Hollywood, Predictions Put into Practice: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Chicagos Predictive Policing Pilot,, Saunders, J., A. Ober, D. Barnes-Proby, and R. K. Brunson, Police Legitimacy and Disrupting Overt Drug Markets,. Helland, E., and A. Tabarrok, Using Placebo Laws to Test More Guns, Less Crime,, Hemenway, David, Survey Research and Self-Defense Gun Use: An Explanation of Extreme Overestimates,, Hemenway, David, and Deborah Azrael, The Relative Frequency of Offensive and Defensive Gun Uses: Results from a National Survey,, Hemenway, David, Deborah Azrael, Andrew Conner, and Matthew Miller, Variation in Rates of Fatal Police Shootings Across U.S. States: The Role of Firearm Availability,, Hemenway, David, Deborah Azrael, and Matthew Miller, Gun Use in the United States: Results from Two National Surveys,, Hemenway, David, Deborah Azrael, and Matthew Miller, Whose Guns Are Stolen? Morral, Andrew R., Terry L. Schell, and Margaret Tankard, Moskos, Michelle A., Lenora Olson, Sarah R. Halbern, and Doug Gray, Utah Youth Suicide Study: Barriers to Mental Health Treatment for Adolescents,, Moyer, R., J. M. MacDonald, G. Ridgeway, and C. C. Branas, Effect of Remediating Blighted Vacant Land on Shootings: A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial,, Mueller, Kristen L., Sonya Naganathan, and Richard T. Griffey, Counseling on Access to Lethal Means-Emergency Department (CALM-ED): A Quality Improvement Program for Firearm Injury Prevention,, Munasib, Abdul, Genti Kostandini, and Jeffrey L. Jordan, Impact of the Stand Your Ground Law on Gun Deaths: Evidence of a Rural Urban Dichotomy,. Rosenfeld, Richard, Gun Buy-Backs: Crime Control or Community Mobilization, in Martha R. Plotkin, ed., Rosenfeld, R., and R. Fornango, The Impact of Police Stops on Precinct Robbery and Burglary Rates in New York City, 20032010,, Rosenfeld, R., R. Fornango, and E. Baumer, Did Ceasefire, Compstat, and Exile Reduce Homicide?, Rosengart, M., P. Cummings, A. Nathens, P. Heagerty, R. Maier, and F. Rivara, An Evaluation of State Firearm Regulations and Homicide and Suicide Death Rates,, Roskam, Kelly, and Vicka Chaplin, The Gun Violence Restraining Order: An Opportunity for Common Ground in the Gun Violence Debate,. Ann. Cook, P. J., and H. A. Pollack, Reducing Access to Guns by Violent Offenders, presented at RSF Journal Conference: The Underground Gun Market, April 2016. Together, these results suggest that firearm safety training may not necessarily increase the prevalence of safe firearm storage practices. A. Braga, Gun Buy-Backs: Where Do We Stand and Where Do We Go? in Martha R. Plotkin, ed., Kercher, Cassandra, David I. Swedler, Keshia M. Pollack, and Daniel W. Webster, Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers Responding to Domestic Disturbance Calls,, Kessler, Ronald C., Howard Birnbaum, Olga Demler, Ian R. H. Falloon, Elizabeth Gagnon, Margaret Guyer, Mary J. Howes, Kenneth S. Kendler, Lizheng Shi, Ellen Walters, and Eric Q. Wu, The Prevalence and Correlates of Nonaffective Psychosis in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R),, Keyes, Katherine M., Ava Hamilton, Jeffrey Swanson, Melissa Tracy, and Magdalena Cerd, Simulating the Suicide Prevention Effects of Firearms Restrictions Based on Psychiatric Hospitalization and Treatment Records: Social Benefits and Unintended Adverse Consequences,, Khan, Khalid S., Regina Kunz, Jos Kleijnen, and Gerd Antes, Five Steps to Conducting a Systematic Review,, Khantzian, E. J., The Self-Medication Hypothesis of Substance Use Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications,, Kindy, Kimberly, FBI to Sharply Expand System for Tracking Fatal Police Shootings,, King, Aisha, Joseph Simonetti, Elizabeth Bennett, Cassie Simeona, Lauren Stanek, Alison C. Roxby, and Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Firearm Storage Practices in Households with Children: A Survey of Community-Based Firearm Safety Event Participants,, Kivisto, Aaron J., Katherine L. Kivisto, Erica Gurnell, Peter Phalen, and Bradley Ray, Adolescent Suicide, Household Firearm Ownership, and the Effects of Child Access Prevention Laws,, Kivisto, Aaron J., and Peter L. Phalen, Effects of Risk-Based Firearm Seizure Laws in Connecticut and Indiana on Suicide Rates, 19812015,, Kivisto, Aaron J., Bradley Ray, and Peter L. Phalen, Firearm Legislation and Fatal Police Shootings in the United States,, Klarevas, Louis, Letter to the Editor Re: DiMaggio, C. et al. Donohue, John J., Samuel V. Cai, Matthew V. Bondy, and Philip J. Cook, Donohue, John J., and Steven D. Levitt, The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime,, Doob, A. N., and C. M. Webster, Sentence Severity and Crime: Accepting the Null Hypothesis,, Doucette, Mitchell L., Cassandra K. Crifasi, and Shannon Frattaroli, Right-to-Carry Laws and Firearm Workplace Homicides: A Longitudinal Analysis (19922017),, Doucette, Mitchell L., Julie A. National Rifle Association, Institute for Legislative Action, State Gun Laws, webpage, undated. Johnston, Jeff, Can Ammunition Go Bad? NRA Family, October 28, 2019. Kurtzleben, Danielle, Fact Check: Are Gun-Makers Totally Free of Liability for Their Behavior? NPR, October 6, 2015. A decrease in hunting accidents of well over 50% shows how effective these programs have been. He had a cast on his left hand. As of December 7, 2021: Mass Shooting Tracker, homepage, undated. Smart, Rosanna, Andrew R. Morral, Sierra Smucker, Samantha Cherney, Terry L. Schell, Samuel Peterson, Sangeeta C. Ahluwalia, Matthew Cefalu, Lea Xenakis, Rajeev Ramchand, and Carole Roan Gresenz. For example, some states require individuals to attend safety training before they may obtain a permit to carry a firearm in public places, presumably for self-defense. More Ohio police officers say yes. Without such research, it is difficult to determine the impacts of firearm safety practices on other outcomes of interest, such as firearm deaths, injuries, and violent crime. As of August 1, 2019: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Expanded Homicide Data Table 8: Murder Victims, by Weapon, 20132017, webpage, Crime in the United States 2017, 2018b. A Comparison of Medical Examiner Manner of Death Coding with an Intent-Based Classification Approach,, Schell, Terry L., Matthew Cefalu, Beth Ann Griffin, Rosanna Smart, and Andrew R. Morral, Changes in Firearm Mortality Following the Implementation of State Laws Regulating Firearm Access and Use,. How the Massachusetts Assault Weapons Ban Enforcement Notice Changed Registered Firearm Sales,, Barati, Mehdi, New Evidence on the Impact of Concealed Carry Weapon Laws on Crime,, Barber, Catherine, Deborah Azrael, Amy Cohen, Matthew Miller, Deonza Thymes, David Enze Wang, and David Hemenway, Homicides by Police: Comparing Counts from the National Violent Death Reporting System, Vital Statistics, and Supplementary Homicide Reports,, Barber, Catherine, Philip J. Cook, and Susan T. Parker, The Emerging Infrastructure of US Firearms Injury Data,, Barber, Catherine, Elaine Frank, and Ralph Demicco, Reducing Suicides Through Partnerships Between Health Professionals and Gun Owner GroupsBeyond Docs vs Glocks,, Barber, Catherine, and David Hemenway, Too Many or Too Few Unintentional Firearm Deaths in Official U.S. Mortality Data?, Barber, C., D. Hemenway, J. Hochstadt, and D. Azrael, Underestimates of Unintentional Firearm Fatalities: Comparing Supplementary Homicide Report Data with the National Vital Statistics System,, Barkin, Shari L., Stacia A. Finch, Edward H. Ip, Benjamin Scheindlin, Joseph A. Craig, Jennifer Steffes, Victoria Weiley, Eric Slora, David Altman, and Richard C. Wasserman, Is Office-Based Counseling About Media Use, Timeouts, and Firearm Storage Effective? Azrael, D., A. 1. Kids, beginners, and adults are welcome. Public Law 90-618, Gun Control Act of 1968, October 22, 1968. NRA-ILA | Gun Safety Results from one 1995 survey showed that gun owners who received formal firearm training (in which 80percent of training courses covered proper gun storage) were significantly more likely to store their firearms loaded and unlocked compared with gun owners who had not received formal training; however, the most common source of training for this sample was through the military, which may not produce the same effects as the training required by states for civilian gun owners (Hemenway, Solnick, and Azrael, 1995). A. Mercy, Disarming Batterers: The Impact of Domestic Violence Firearms Laws, in Jens Ludwig and Philip J. Cook, eds., Vigdor, E. R., and J. Code Ann. 23-31-215(A)(5); Tex. Coben, J. H., C. A. Steiner, M. Barrett, C. T. Merrill, and D. Adamson, Completeness of Cause of Injury Coding in Healthcare Administrative Databases in the United States,. C2 Tactical offers the best handgun training courses for shooting enthusiasts of all levels. As of December 7, 2021: Gill, J. R., and M. Pasquale-Styles, Firearm Deaths by Law Enforcement,, Gilmour, Stuart, Kittima Wattanakamolkul, and Maaya Kita Sugai, The Effect of the Australian National Firearms Agreement on Suicide and Homicide Mortality, 19782015,, Ginwalla, Rashna, Peter Rhee, Randall Friese, Donald J. A. Perper, G. Moritz, M. Baugher, J. Schweers, and C. Roth, Firearms and Adolescent SuicideA Community Case-Control Study,, Bridges, F. Stephen, Kimberly M. Tatum, and Julie C. Kunselman, Domestic Violence Statutes and Rates of Intimate Partner and Family Homicide,, Briggs, J. T., and A. Tabarrok, Firearms and Suicides in U.S. States,, Britt, Chester L., Gary Kleck, and David J. Bordua, A Reassessment of the D.C. A., and G. L. Pierce, Disrupting Illegal Firearms Markets in Boston: The Effects of Operation Ceasefire on the Supply of New Handguns to Criminals,, Braga, A. Every state now has HE courses, with over 25 million graduates since the programs were started. Gun Safety & Injury Prevention. Stat. As of March 23, 2017: The Violence Project, Mass Shooter Database, web tool, undated. A. Braga, and M. E. OBrien, Azrael, Deborah, Joanna Cohen, Carmel Salhi, and Matthew Miller, Firearm Storage in Gun-Owning Households with Children: Results of a 2015 National Survey,, Azrael, Deborah, Philip J. Cook, and Matthew Miller, State and Local Prevalence of Firearms Ownership Measurement, Structure, and Trends,, Azrael, Deborah, Lisa Hepburn, David Hemenway, and Matthew Miller, The Stock and Flow of U.S. Firearms: Results from the 2015 National Firearms Survey,. As of March 23, 2017: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fatal Injury Reports, National, Regional, and State 19812015, WISQARS database, Atlanta, Ga., 2017a. Stat. Schell, Terry L., Rosanna Smart, and Andrew R. Morral, Schildkraut, Jaclyn, H. Jaymi Elsass, and Kimberly Meredith, Mass Shootings and the Media: Why All Events Are Not Created Equal,, Schleimer, Julia P., Christopher D. McCort, Aaron B. Shev, Veronica A. Pear, Elizabeth Tomsich, Alaina De Biasi, Shani Buggs, Hannah S. Laqueur, and Garen J. Wintemute, Firearm Purchasing and Firearm Violence During the Coronavirus Pandemic in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study,, Schleimer, Julia P., Mona A. Wright, Aaron B. Shev, Christopher D. McCort, Rameesha Asif-Sattar, Sydney Sohl, Susan L. Stewart, Garen J. Wintemute, and Rose M. C. Kagawa, Alcohol and Drug Offenses and Suicide Risk Among Men Who Purchased a Handgun in California: A Cohort Study,, Schmitt, Eric, President Unveils Gun Buyback Plan,, Schnebly, Stephen M., An Examination of the Impact of Victim, Offender, and Situational Attributes on the Deterrent Effect of Defensive Gun Use: A Research Note,, Schnippel, Kathryn, Sarah Burd-Sharps, Ted R. Miller, Bruce A. Lawrence, and David I. Swedler, Nonfatal Firearm Injuries by Intent in the United States: 20162018 Hospital Discharge Records from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project,, Schnitzer, Patricia G., Heather K. Dykstra, Theodore E. Trigylidas, and Richard Lichenstein, Firearm Suicide Among Youth in the United States, 20042015,, Schnobrich-Davis, J., S. Block, and J. Lupacchino, Analysis of Herman Goldstein Problem-Oriented Policing Awards from 19932017,, Schorr, Robert A., Paul M. Lukacs, and Justin A. Gude, The Montana Deer and Elk Hunting Population: The Importance of Cohort Group, License Price, and Population Demographics on Hunter Retention, Recruitment, and Population Change,, Scott, John, Deborah Azrael, and Matthew Miller, Firearm Storage in Homes with Children with Self-Harm Risk Factors,, Sen, B., and A. Panjamapirom, State Background Checks for Gun Purchase and Firearm Deaths: An Exploratory Study,, Shaffer, J. P., Multiple Hypothesis Testing,, Shah, S., R. E. Hoffman, L. Wake, and W. M. Marine, Adolescent Suicide and Household Access to Firearms in Colorado: Results of a Case-Control Study,, Sharkey, P., G. Torrats-Espinosa, and D. Takyar, Community and the Crime Decline: The Causal Effect of Local Nonprofits on Violent Crime,, Shearer, Hannah E., and Allison S. Anderman, Analyzing Gun-Violence-Prevention Taxes Under Emerging Firearm Fee Jurisprudence,, Shenassa, E. D., S. N. Catlin, and S. L. Buka, Gun Availability, Psychopathology, and Risk of Death from Suicide Attempt by Gun,, Shenassa, E. D., C. Daskalakis, and S. L. Buka, Utility of Indices of Gun Availability in the Community,, Shenassa, E. D., M. L. Rogers, K. L. Spalding, and M. B. Roberts, Safer Storage of Firearms at Home and Risk of Suicide: A Study of Protective Factors in a Nationally Representative Sample,, Sherman, L. W., Police Crackdowns: Initial and Residual Deterrence,, Sherman, L. W., P. R. Gartin, and M. E. Buerger, Hot Spots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place,, Shi, Wei, and Lung-Fei Lee, The Effects of Gun Control on Crimes: A Spatial Interactive Fixed Effects Approach,, Shumway, Martha, Jennifer Alvidrez, Mark Leary, Deborah Sherwood, Eric Woodard, Emily K. Lee, Heather Hall, Ralph A. Catalano, and James W. Dilley, Impact of Capacity Reductions in Acute Public-Sector Inpatient Psychiatric Services,, Sidebottom, A., and N. Tilley, Improving Problem-Oriented Policing: The Need for a New Model?, Sidman, Elanor A., David C. Grossman, Thomas D. Koepsell, Luann DAmbrosio, John Britt, Evan S. Simpson, Frederick P. Rivara, and Abraham B. Bergman, Evaluation of a Community-Based Handgun Safe-Storage Campaign,, Siegel, Michael, Max Goder-Reiser, Grant Duwe, Michael Rocque, James Alan Fox, and Emma E. Fridel, The Relation Between State Gun Laws and the Incidence and Severity of Mass Public Shootings in the United States, 19762018,, Siegel, Michael, Molly Pahn, Ziming Xuan, Eric Fleegler, and David Hemenway, The Impact of State Firearm Laws on Homicide and Suicide Deaths in the USA, 19912016: A Panel Study,, Siegel, Michael, Molly Pahn, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, Sandro Galea, Bindu Kalesan, Eric Fleegler, and Kristin A. Goss, Firearm-Related Laws in All 50 US States, 19912016,, Siegel, Michael, Craig S. Ross, and Charles King, Examining the Relationship Between the Prevalence of Guns and Homicide Rates in the USA Using a New and Improved State-Level Gun Ownership Proxy,, Siegel, Michael, Benjamin Solomon, Anita Knopov, Emily F. Rothman, Shea W. Cronin, Ziming Xuan, and David Hemenway, The Impact of State Firearm Laws on Homicide Rates in Suburban and Rural Areas Compared to Large Cities in the United States, 19912016,, Siegel, Michael, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, Sandro Galea, Bindu Kalesan, Eric Fleegler, and Kristin A. Goss, Easiness of Legal Access to Concealed Firearm Permits and Homicide Rates in the United States,, Silva, Jason R., and Joel A. Capellan, A Comparative Analysis of Media Coverage of Mass Public Shootings: Examining Rampage, Disgruntled Employee, School, and Lone-Wolf Terrorist Shootings in the United States,, Silva, Jason R., and Joel A. Capellan, The Medias Coverage of Mass Public Shootings in America: Fifty Years of Newsworthiness,, Silver, James, William Fisher, and John Horgan, Public Mass Murderers and Federal Mental Health Background Checks,. Arizona repealed its concealed weapons permitting requirement in Then he went on to tell me he has been an NRA gun safety instructor for over 35 years. A. Braga, D. M. Hureau, and K. Pegram, We Trust You, but Not That Much: Examining Police-Black Clergy Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence,, Bryan, Craig J., AnnaBelle O. Bryan, Michael D. Anestis, Lauren R. Khazem, Julia A. Harris, Alexis M. May, and Cynthia Thomsen, Firearm Availability and Storage Practices Among Military Personnel Who Have Thought About Suicide,, Buchanan, Larry, Josh Keller, Richard A. Oppel, Jr., and Daniel Victor, How They Got Their Guns,, Buchanan, Larry, and Lauren Leatherby, Who Stops a Bad Guy with a Gun?, Buggs, Shani A., Daniel W. Webster, and Cassandra K. Crifasi, Using Synthetic Control Methodology to Estimate Effects of a Cure Violence Intervention in Baltimore, Maryland,, Buggs, Shani, and April M. Zeoli, Gun Homicide Research: What We Know and Where We Need to Go,, Bukstein, O. G., D. A. Brent, J. Boosts Physical Strength. Public Law 103-322, Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, 1994. This four (4) hour non-shooting course is designed for those seeking to apply for their Arizona Concealed Carry Weapon (CCW) permit. U.S. Pew Research Center Wellford, Charles F., John V. Pepper, and Carol V. Petrie, eds., Welsh, B. C., and D. P. Farrington, Public Area CCTV and Crime Prevention: An Updated Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis,, Wiebe, Douglas J., Homicide and Suicide Risks Associated with Firearms in the Home: A National Case-Control Study,. A., D. M. Hureau, and C. Winship, Losing Faith? Swaner, Rachel, Elise White, Andrew Martinez, Anjelica Camacho, Basaime Spate, Javonte Alexander, Lysondra Webb, and Kevin Evans. Evidence from Expansions to Castle Doctrine,. As of May 13, 2019: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Table 1: Crime in the United States, by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 19982017, webpage, Crime in the United States 2017, 2018d. Thus, credible messengers who promote safe storage practices might be more likely to change the behavior of gun owners than are noncredible messengers who promote safe storage. Gun Buyback Programs Misfired? National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. Lott, John R., Jr., Schools That Allow Teachers to Carry Guns Are Extremely Safe: Data on the Rate of Shootings and Accidents in Schools That Allow Teachers to Carry, Alexandria, Va.: Crime Prevention Research Center, April 25, 2019. Birckmayer, J., and D. Hemenway, Suicide and Firearm Prevalence: Are Youth Disproportionately Affected?, Black, Dan A., and Daniel S. Nagin, Do Right-to-Carry Laws Deter Violent Crime?, Blair, Janet M., Katherine A. Fowler, Shane P. D. Jack, and Alexander E. Crosby, The National Violent Death Reporting System: Overview and Future Directions,. As of May 15, 2017: Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCVS Redesign: Subnational, webpage, 2017b. A Technology-Centric Critique of Predictive Policing,, Desai, R. A., D. Dausey, and R. A. Rosenheck, Suicide Among Discharged Psychiatric Inpatients in the Department of Veterans Affairs,, DeSimone, J., S. Markowitz, and J. Xu, Child Access Prevention Laws and Nonfatal Gun Injuries,, Desmarais, S. L., R. A. Find A Basic Firearm Training Course Near You NRA Basic Firearm As of December 29, 2022: Smart, Rosanna, and Terry L. Schell, Mass Shootings in the United States, in Rajeev Ramchand and Jessica Saunders, eds., Smart, Rosanna, Terry L. Schell, Matthew Cefalu, and Andrew R. Morral, Impact on Nonfirearm Deaths of Firearm Laws Affecting Firearm Deaths: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,, Smith, Michael R., and Matthew Petrocelli, The Effect of Concealed Handgun Carry Deregulation in Arizona on Crime in Tucson,, Smith, N. D., and I. Kawachi, State-Level Social Capital and Suicide Mortality in the 50 U.S. States,, Smith, P. N., J. Currier, and K. Drescher, Firearm Ownership in Veterans Entering Residential PTSD Treatment: Associations with Suicide Ideation, Attempts, and Combat Exposure,. A., and C. N. Nugent, Antidepressant Use and Method of Suicide in the United States: Variation by Age and Sex, 19982007,, Phillips, Scott W., Dae-Young Kim, and James J. Sobol, An Evaluation of a Multiyear Gun Buy-Back Programme: Re-Examining the Impact on Violent Crimes,, Phipson, Belinda, and Gordon K. Smyth, Permutation P-Values Should Never Be Zero: Calculating Exact P-Values When Permutations Are Randomly Drawn,. As of June 16, 2022: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Denials: Reasons Why the NICS Section Denies, webpage, August 31, 2022c. 134-2(g) (Hawaii requires safety training for a permit to purchase, not specifically for concealed carry); Mass.